Early warning analysts have continued to improve systems for predicting food insecurity crises and famines through widespread monitoring that combines sophisticated data analysis with on-the-ground insight. Third, in terms of global reach and innovation, humanitarian practice has evolved in ways that could both drive these efforts forward and translate them into significant, real-world impact. His entitlements approach laid the foundation for decades of research that have extended, contested, and moved beyond his views by, for example, emphasizing the importance of the processes that lead to famines, highlighting the critical role of politics and power in their causation and differential impacts, and addressing the global dimensions of the crises. He suggested that it was an inability to ‘command’ adequate food because of a failure of entitlements that led to mortality. While this insight suggested that poverty was a principal reason that people experience famines, Sen pressed for a more nuanced understanding of why certain groups are more at risk of starvation than others during a crisis. He argued that famines often occur not from a lack of availability of food, but from the inability of certain populations to access it. In his landmark 1981 book, Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, future Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen proposed a revolutionary shift in our understanding of these crises.
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